Steps to Set Up a Company:

Peru

Choose a Business Structure

1. Sole Proprietorship (Empresa Individual de Responsabilidad Limitada - EIRL): Single owner, limited liability.
2. General Partnership (Sociedad Colectiva - S.C.): Two or more partners, shared liability.
3. Limited Partnership (Sociedad en Comandita Simple - S.C.S.): General and limited partners.
4. Limited Liability Company (Sociedad Comercial de Responsabilidad Limitada - S.R.L.): Separate legal entity, limited liability.
5. Corporation (Sociedad Anónima - S.A.): Separate legal entity, limited liability, shares can be traded publicly or privately.
6. Closed Corporation (Sociedad Anónima Cerrada - S.A.C.): Separate legal entity, limited liability, shares cannot be publicly traded.
7. Open Corporation (Sociedad Anónima Abierta - S.A.A.): Separate legal entity, limited liability, shares can be publicly traded.
8. Branch (Sucursal): A branch of a foreign company operating in Peru.
9. Representative Office (Oficina de Representación): Limited to marketing and promotional activities, cannot conduct business transactions.

Register Your Company

1. Choose a Company Name: Ensure it is unique and follows naming regulations.
   • National Superintendence of Public Registries (Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos - SUNARP)
2. Draft the Articles of Association: Outlining the company’s structure and rules.
3. Notarize the Articles of Association: Required for certain company types.
4. Open a Bank Account: Deposit the initial capital required for the company type.
5. Register with the National Superintendence of Public Registries (SUNARP): Submit the incorporation documents and pay the registration fee.
   • SUNARP
6. Obtain a Tax Identification Number (Registro Único de Contribuyentes - RUC) from the National Superintendence of Tax Administration (Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria - SUNAT): For tax purposes.
   • SUNAT
7. Register for Value Added Tax (VAT) with SUNAT: If applicable.

Open a Peruvian Bank Account

1. Set Up a Business Bank Account: Necessary for managing business finances.

Obtain Necessary Licenses and Permits

1. Check Industry-Specific Requirements: Depending on the nature of your business, you may need specific licenses or permits.
   • Single Window for Foreign Trade (Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior - VUCE)
   • Invest in Peru

Comply with Peruvian Employment Laws

1. Employment Contracts: Draft contracts that comply with Peruvian labor laws.
2. Register with the Peruvian Social Security System (EsSalud): For social security purposes.
   • EsSalud
3. Health and Safety Regulations: Follow guidelines from the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion.
   • Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion

Accounting and Reporting

1. Set Up an Accounting System: Maintain accurate financial records in compliance with Peruvian accounting standards.
2. Annual Financial Statements: Prepare and file annual financial statements.
3. File Annual Tax Returns: Submit annual tax returns to SUNAT.

Laws and Regulations to Consider

Corporate Law

1. General Corporations Law (Ley General de Sociedades - Ley N° 26887): Governs the formation and operation of companies.
2. Civil Code (Código Civil): Governs contracts and obligations.

Tax Law

1. Tax Code (Código Tributario): Governs corporate income taxation.
2. Value Added Tax (VAT) Law (Ley del Impuesto General a las Ventas - IGV): Governs VAT regulations.

Employment Law

1. Labor Law (Ley de Productividad y Competitividad Laboral): Governs the terms and conditions of employment contracts.
2. Social Security Law (Ley de Seguridad Social): Governs social security contributions.
3. Occupational Health and Safety Law (Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo - Ley N° 29783): Sets health and safety standards for workplaces.

Data Protection Law

1. Personal Data Protection Law (Ley de Protección de Datos Personales - Ley N° 29733): Governs data protection and privacy.
   • National Authority for the Protection of Personal Data

Environmental Law

1. General Environmental Law (Ley General del Ambiente - Ley N° 28611): Governs environmental protection and sustainability practices.
   • Ministry of the Environment

Intellectual Property Law

1. Industrial Property Law (Ley de Propiedad Industrial): Governs the protection of patents, trademarks, and industrial designs.
2. Copyright Law (Ley de Derecho de Autor - Ley N° 822): Governs the protection of copyrights.
   • National Institute for the Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (INDECOPI)

By following these steps and adhering to the relevant laws and regulations, you can successfully establish and operate a company in Peru. It’s advisable to consult with legal and financial experts to ensure full compliance and smooth setup.